{"id":12975,"date":"2022-03-25T12:45:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T12:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/2022\/03\/25\/pourquoi-le-m23-reapparait\/"},"modified":"2022-03-25T12:45:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-25T12:45:41","slug":"pourquoi-le-m23-reapparait","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/en\/2022\/03\/25\/pourquoi-le-m23-reapparait\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi le M23 r\u00e9appara\u00eet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">&Agrave; plus de 3600 m&egrave;tres d&rsquo;altitude, le sommet du Mont Sabyinyo marque le point pr&eacute;cis o&ugrave; les fronti&egrave;res de trois pays se rencontrent : le Congo, le Rwanda et l&rsquo;Ouganda. Cette semaine, de violents affrontements s&rsquo;y sont d&eacute;roul&eacute;s entre l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e congolaise et le Mouvement du 23 mars ou M23. Cette r&eacute;bellion avait pourtant &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;faite militairement en 2013. Comment expliquer sa r&eacute;apparition soudaine ces derniers mois ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Bonjour et bienvenue dans ce nouvel &eacute;pisode de<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/app.ausha.co\/app\/show\/41300\/episodes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Po na GEC<\/a><\/strong>, la capsule audio qui tente d&rsquo;&eacute;clairer l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de la RDC. Je suis <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PierreBoisselet\"><strong>Pierre Boisselet<\/strong>,<\/a> coordonnateur des recherches sur la violence d&rsquo;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ebuteli\">Ebuteli<\/a><\/strong>, le partenaire de recherche du Groupe d&rsquo;&eacute;tude sur le Congo de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de New-York. Nous sommes le vendredi 25 mars et aujourd&rsquo;hui nous nous int&eacute;ressons &agrave; la r&eacute;surgence du M23.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><iframe id=\"ausha-cYIb\" style=\"border: none; width: 100%; height: 220px;\" src=\"https:\/\/player.ausha.co\/index.html?podcastId=yXN5jtXrDOWd&amp;playlist=false&amp;color=%23de8d33&amp;v=3&amp;playerId=ausha-cYIb\" height=\"220\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/player.ausha.co\/ausha-player.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Dans la m&eacute;moire de beaucoup de Congolais, ce nom rappelle un traumatisme : celui de la prise de la ville de Goma par ce groupe, en novembre 2012. Comme d&rsquo;autres avant lui, cette r&eacute;bellion avait, pour cela, re&ccedil;u le soutien des gouvernements rwandais et ougandais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Mais contrairement &agrave; ses pr&eacute;d&eacute;cesseurs, le M23 avait &eacute;t&eacute; battu militairement en 2013. La victoire pouvait alors laisser esp&eacute;rer la fin d&rsquo;un cycle de r&eacute;bellions soutenues par les pays voisins. Mais &agrave; partir de 2017 certains de ses anciens membres dont son chef, Sultani Makenga, ont repris position dans la zone des Virunga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Leur pr&eacute;sence est d&rsquo;abord rest&eacute;e discr&egrave;te. Mais tout a chang&eacute; le 7 novembre dernier. Ce jour-l&agrave;, le M23 a attaqu&eacute; trois positions des FARDC. Depuis, neuf autres affrontements impliquant ce groupe ont &eacute;t&eacute; recens&eacute;s par le Barom&egrave;tre s&eacute;curitaire du Kivu, faisant plusieurs dizaines de morts chez les FARDC et le M23 et de nombreux d&eacute;plac&eacute;s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Alors, pourquoi assiste-t-on &agrave; cette r&eacute;surgence ? Il y a d&rsquo;abord la situation des combattants du M23 eux-m&ecirc;mes. Apr&egrave;s leur d&eacute;faite de 2013, ils se sont r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s plusieurs ann&eacute;es au Rwanda et en Ouganda. Mais une grande partie d&rsquo;entre eux n&rsquo;a pas pu rentrer en RDC dans des conditions n&eacute;goci&eacute;es, comme cela leur avait &eacute;t&eacute; promis, notamment en 2013 et en 2019. Il est possible qu&rsquo;ils aient repris les affrontements pour faire pression afin de l&rsquo;obtenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Mais le contexte r&eacute;gional semble avoir aussi contribu&eacute; &agrave; envenimer la situation. La RDC est au centre d&rsquo;une guerre d&rsquo;influence que se livrent le Rwanda et l&rsquo;Ouganda depuis des ann&eacute;es. Apr&egrave;s avoir fait une s&eacute;rie de gestes de bonne volont&eacute; envers le Rwanda, en d&eacute;but de mandat, le pr&eacute;sident congolais F&eacute;lix Tshisekedi s&rsquo;est sensiblement rapproch&eacute; de l&rsquo;Ouganda en 2021. La r&eacute;habilitation de certaines routes congolaises a &eacute;t&eacute; confi&eacute;e &agrave; ce pays, dont l&rsquo;axe Goma-Bunagana. Ce dernier pourrait d&eacute;tourner vers l&rsquo;Ouganda une partie des routes commerciales qui contribuent aujourd&rsquo;hui &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie rwandaise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Surtout, en novembre dernier, le pr&eacute;sident Tshisekedi a accept&eacute; le d&eacute;ploiement de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e ougandaise dans l&rsquo;Est du Congo pour qu&rsquo;elle participe &agrave; la traque du tr&egrave;s meurtrier groupe ADF. La premi&egrave;re attaque du M23, le 7 novembre, a eu lieu alors que cette op&eacute;ration &eacute;tait en discussion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">En r&eacute;alit&eacute;, &agrave; mesure que F&eacute;lix Tshisekedi se rapprochait de l&rsquo;Ougandais Yoweri Museveni, ses relations ont sembl&eacute; se tendre avec le Rwandais Paul Kagam&eacute;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Le 8 f&eacute;vrier, le pr&eacute;sident rwandais a affirm&eacute; que diff&eacute;rents groupes rebelles hostiles &agrave; Kigali s&rsquo;&eacute;taient associ&eacute;s sur le territoire congolais, et qu&rsquo;il serait pr&ecirc;t &agrave; agir sans concertation si n&eacute;cessaire. Il n&rsquo;est pas venu &agrave; Kinshasa le 24 f&eacute;vrier pour le sommet de l&rsquo;accord cadre d&rsquo;Addis-Abeba, cens&eacute; favoriser la coop&eacute;ration r&eacute;gionale, contrairement &agrave; six de ses homologues de la r&eacute;gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Le 28 f&eacute;vrier, F&eacute;lix Tshisekedi a, de son c&ocirc;t&eacute;, sembl&eacute; accuser le Rwanda de vouloir d&eacute;stabiliser son pays, lors d&rsquo;une conf&eacute;rence diplomatique &agrave; Kinshasa. [diffuser enregistrement : &laquo; Il est irr&eacute;aliste et improductif, voire suicidaire pour un pays de notre sous r&eacute;gion de penser qu&rsquo;il tirerait toujours des dividendes en entretenant des conflits ou des tensions avec ses voisins &raquo;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">De nombreux responsables s&eacute;curitaires congolais affirment aujourd&rsquo;hui que le Rwanda est derri&egrave;re la r&eacute;apparition du M23 observ&eacute;e depuis novembre. C&rsquo;est possible, m&ecirc;me si cela n&rsquo;est pas attest&eacute; par des preuves &agrave; ce jour. Que cette accusation s&rsquo;av&egrave;re ou non, cette nouvelle crise a d&rsquo;ores et d&eacute;j&agrave; pris une dimension r&eacute;gionale. Le pr&eacute;sident Tshisekedi a d&rsquo;ailleurs demand&eacute; et obtenu que le contingent k&eacute;nyan de la Brigade d&rsquo;intervention de la Monusco soit affect&eacute; &agrave; la lutte contre le M23. Selon nos informations, ces troupes se pr&eacute;parent actuellement &agrave; intervenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Pour recevoir<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/app.ausha.co\/app\/show\/41300\/episodes\">Po na GEC<\/a><\/strong> chaque vendredi sur votre t&eacute;l&eacute;phone, rejoignez notre fil WhatsApp en envoyant &laquo; GEC &raquo;, G, E, C,&nbsp; ou &laquo; Ebuteli &raquo; au +243 894 110 542. &Agrave; bient&ocirc;t !<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&Agrave; plus de 3600 m&egrave;tres d&rsquo;altitude, le sommet du Mont Sabyinyo marque le point pr&eacute;cis o&ugrave; les fronti&egrave;res de trois pays se rencontrent : le Congo, le Rwanda et l&rsquo;Ouganda&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12971,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[312,27],"tags":[121,18,313],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c0 plus de 3600 m\u00e8tres d\u2019altitude, le sommet du Mont Sabyinyo marque le point pr\u00e9cis o\u00f9 les fronti\u00e8res de trois pays se rencontrent : le Congo, le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda. 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