{"id":13250,"date":"2022-06-03T15:48:25","date_gmt":"2022-06-03T15:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/?p=13250"},"modified":"2022-06-03T16:35:17","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T16:35:17","slug":"au-dela-des-condamnations-il-est-temps-de-reformer-larmee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/2022\/06\/03\/au-dela-des-condamnations-il-est-temps-de-reformer-larmee\/","title":{"rendered":"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Rassemblement &agrave; la gare centrale &agrave; Kinshasa un jour, devant l&rsquo;ambassade du Rwanda un autre jour, marche de l&rsquo;opposition et de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile le jour suivant, la mobilisation est totale. Le pays est agress&eacute;. Et une fois de plus, c&rsquo;est le Rwanda qui est point&eacute; du doigt, non sans raison. Au-del&agrave; de la mobilisation et des protestations, n&rsquo;est-il pas temps de se doter d&rsquo;une arm&eacute;e dissuasive ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Bonjour et bienvenue dans ce 14e &eacute;pisode de la saison 2 de<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/app.ausha.co\/app\/show\/41300\/episodes\"><strong>Po Na GEC<\/strong><\/a>, la capsule audio qui tente d&rsquo;&eacute;clairer l&rsquo;actualit&eacute; de la RDC. Je suis <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fredbauma90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Fred Bauma<\/strong>,<\/a> secr&eacute;taire ex&eacute;cutif d&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ebuteli\"><strong>Ebuteli<\/strong><\/a>, institut congolais de recherche sur la politique, la gouvernance et la violence et partenaire de recherche du <strong>Groupe d&rsquo;&eacute;tude sur le Congo <\/strong>de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de New-York. Nous sommes le vendredi 3 juin 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<p><iframe frameborder=\"0\" loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ausha-SRsA\" height=\"220\" style=\"border: none; width:100%; height:220px\" src=\"https:\/\/player.ausha.co\/index.html?podcastId=B1r28S1drqQm&amp;playlist=false&amp;color=%23de8d33&amp;v=3&amp;playerId=ausha-SRsA\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/player.ausha.co\/ausha-player.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">De Kinshasa &agrave; Bukavu en passant par Lubumbashi, Bunia et Kisangani, et m&ecirc;me &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger,&nbsp; les appels &agrave; mobilisation se multiplient. Dans la rue comme sur les r&eacute;seaux sociaux, le message est clair: le Rwanda a une fois de plus attaqu&eacute; la RDC &agrave; travers le M23. Deux militaires rwandais ont m&ecirc;me &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute;s en RDC. Sur le terrain, les r&eacute;cents combats entre ces M23 et les FARDC, soutenues par la Monusco, ont accentu&eacute; la crise humanitaire avec 70 000 nouveaux d&eacute;plac&eacute;s, selon l&rsquo;ONU, dans une r&eacute;gion qui en comptait d&eacute;j&agrave; plus de 5 millions. Depuis la premi&egrave;re invasion rwandaise en 1996, le pays des mille collines a r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement soutenu des groupes arm&eacute;s qui sont responsables de crimes graves en RDC.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Mais au-del&agrave; des protestations l&eacute;gitimes de la population, une autre question, bien plus importante, m&eacute;rite d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre pos&eacute;e: pourquoi le Rwanda et d&rsquo;autres pays de la r&eacute;gion arrivent facilement &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;agresser&nbsp;&raquo; la RDC ? Car outre le Rwanda, d&rsquo;autres pays limitrophes de la RDC soutiennent, ou ont soutenu par le pass&eacute;, des groupes arm&eacute;s locaux ou &eacute;trangers sur le sol congolais. C&rsquo;est le cas des Imbonerakure, milice du parti au pouvoir au Burundi, qui op&egrave;rent encore aujourd&rsquo;hui au Sud-Kivu. Des arm&eacute;es des pays voisins ont &eacute;galement occup&eacute; impun&eacute;ment certaines parties de la RDC, parfois pendant des mois. C&rsquo;est le cas de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e angolaise dans le territoire Kahemba en 2007 et de Tshela en 2009 et, en 2021, de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e zambienne dans le territoire de Moba et Pweto en 2020 ou m&ecirc;me des incursions de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e sud-soudanaise dans le territoire d&rsquo;Aru, toujours en 2020. On pourrait aussi se demander pourquoi la RDC a besoin d&rsquo;arm&eacute;es &eacute;trang&egrave;res pour faire face &agrave; des groupes arm&eacute;s sur son territoire, comme c&rsquo;est le cas avec l&rsquo;UPDF depuis six mois au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri ou encore de certaines unit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e rwandaise entre 2019 et 2020 dans les op&eacute;rations contre les FDLR et d&rsquo;autres groupes rwandais au Nord-Kivu et au Sud-Kivu. Cette question est importante surtout lorsque, comme l&rsquo;affirme un rapport du minist&egrave;re congolais de la D&eacute;fense et Anciens Combattants, les provinces du Nord-Kivu et de l&rsquo;Ituri comptent officiellement environ 50 000 militaires, soit plus de la moiti&eacute; de l&rsquo;ensemble des effectifs des FARDC. Et ce, sans compter la police nationale congolaise et les Casques bleus de la Monusco.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">En r&eacute;alit&eacute;, malgr&eacute; les appels incessants de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile et des bailleurs de fonds, la RDC n&rsquo;a pas pu se doter de forces de d&eacute;fense dissuasives. Malgr&eacute; les progr&egrave;s initiaux entre 2005 et 2011 avec la formation de certaines unit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e et l&rsquo;adoption d&rsquo;un plan d&rsquo;action de r&eacute;formes des FARDC, les tentatives de r&eacute;forme qui visent la professionnalisation de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e en se focalisant sur le recrutement, &ldquo;la formation, l&rsquo;&eacute;quipement et le casernement&rdquo; sont rest&eacute;es incompl&egrave;tes. Elles n&rsquo;ont pas r&eacute;solu les probl&egrave;mes structurels au sein des FARDC. Aussi, les diff&eacute;rents accords de paix qui ont d&eacute;vers&eacute; des combattants issus des groupes arm&eacute;s dans l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e ont beaucoup affaibli ces efforts de r&eacute;forme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Le rapport d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation de l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de si&egrave;ge fait par le minist&egrave;re de la D&eacute;fense et Anciens combattants de la RDC en d&eacute;cembre 2021 dresse de mani&egrave;re lucide les cons&eacute;quences de l&rsquo;&eacute;chec de la r&eacute;forme l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e : &laquo; D&eacute;ficit criant des effectifs op&eacute;rationnels, inad&eacute;quation entre les effectifs existants et d&eacute;clar&eacute;s, d&eacute;ficit de renseignements, insuffisance du personnel logistique qualifi&eacute; (&hellip;)&raquo;. Et la recommandation du ministre de la D&eacute;fense est &eacute;loquente: il est urgent de &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;finir et appliquer une politique de d&eacute;fense de la RDC&nbsp;&raquo; dont l&rsquo;absence &laquo; explique logiquement les faiblesses de notre syst&egrave;me de d&eacute;fense et les fr&eacute;quentes agressions que nous subissons.&nbsp;&raquo; La loi de programmation militaire dont le projet a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;cemment adopt&eacute; en conseil des ministres constitue-t-elle le d&eacute;but d&rsquo;une v&eacute;ritable r&eacute;forme des FARDC ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">Vous pouvez rejoindre notre fil WhatsApp en envoyant &laquo; GEC &raquo; ou &laquo; Ebuteli &raquo; au +243 894 110 542 pour recevoir <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/podcast.ausha.co\/po-na-gec\">Po Na GEC<\/a> <\/strong>chaque vendredi sur votre t&eacute;l&eacute;phone. &Agrave; bient&ocirc;t !<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au del&agrave; des condamnations, il est temps de r&eacute;former l&rsquo;arm&#038;eacutee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[247,44],"tags":[57,73],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fred Bauma\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/2022\/06\/03\/au-dela-des-condamnations-il-est-temps-de-reformer-larmee\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Congo Research Group | Groupe d&#039;\u00e9tude sur le Congo -\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e - Congo Research Group | Groupe d&#039;\u00e9tude sur le Congo\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/2022\/06\/03\/au-dela-des-condamnations-il-est-temps-de-reformer-larmee\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cropped-logogec.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cropped-logogec.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"165\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-03T15:48:25+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-03T16:35:17+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e - Congo Research Group | Groupe d&#039;\u00e9tude sur le Congo\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Au del\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\u00e9former l\u2019arm\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cropped-logogec.png\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/03\\\/au-dela-des-condamnations-il-est-temps-de-reformer-larmee\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"Au del\\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\\u00e9former l\\u2019arm\\u00e9e - Congo Research Group | Groupe d'\\u00e9tude sur le Congo\",\"headline\":\"Au del\\u00e0 des condamnations, il est temps de r\\u00e9former l\\u2019arm\\u00e9e\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/f-bauma\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/16514912580_bf64ab4678_c.jpg\",\"width\":799,\"height\":533,\"caption\":\"Eringeti, territoire de Beni, Nord Kivu, RD Congo. 5 d\\u00e9cembre 2014 : Un militaire des Forces arm\\u00e9es de la R\\u00e9publique d\\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC). 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