{"id":4391,"date":"2012-04-14T07:27:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-14T07:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.yolandagranados.com\/crg\/guest-blog-beyond-kony2012_14-2\/"},"modified":"2020-07-08T22:49:43","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T22:49:43","slug":"guest-blog-beyond-kony2012_14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/2012\/04\/14\/guest-blog-beyond-kony2012_14\/","title":{"rendered":"Guest blog: Beyond Kony2012 (Fr\/En)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide is-core-separator-block\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\">\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n  <div id=\"anchor-nav-position-block_5f064d6c9dd02\" class=\"c-block-anchor-nav-position o-wrapper__inner\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;\">\n    <div class=\"js-anchor-nav-position\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"c-anchor-nav__mobile\">\n      <nav class=\"c-anchor-nav \"><span class=\"c-anchor-nav__heading\"> <\/span><ul class=\"c-anchor-nav__links o-list-bare\"><li class=\"c-anchor-nav__item\"><a href=\"#%20\" class=\"c-anchor-nav__link \"> <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\"><em>Nicolas Tillon works with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/\">Conciliation Resources,<\/a> a peacebuilding organisation working with people affected by violent conflict.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\"><em>Ernest Sugule Kangoyangala is the director of SAIPED, a civil society organization based in Dungu, DR Congo. He is the focal point of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/featured-work\/creating-regional-civil-society-task-force\">Regional Civil Society Task Force<\/a>, a platform of civil society organisations from the LRA affected region. They produce a quarterly newsletter: &ldquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/resources\/voice-peace-1\">Voice of peace<\/a>.&rdquo;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">The Lord Resistance Army (LRA) and its leader Joseph Kony became this month a symbol of mass mobilisation and good will. The campaign Kony2012 has raised awareness on the issue in an unprecedented way. Behind its creative but superficial tone, the video offered a platform of expression for civil society activists and scholars, from the region and elsewhere to react to the video and give a more accurate account of a situation that has been largely ignored for the past 25 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">The advocacy campaign and more importantly the African Union and the United Nations recent joint declaration to launch a regional (military) strategy poses some challenges to peace prospects and to the protection of civilians in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">In this article we argue that any strategy to address the LRA conflict should focus on civilian protection, build on the work done by civil society actors in the region and learn from the past, particularly successful DDR programmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">LEARNING FROM THE PAST<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">The LRA has been active in Northern Uganda and more recently in central Africa (South Sudan, CAR, DRC) for 25 years. Over this period, the people, religious institutions and local civil society organisations have tried to prevent violence, support victims, and advise governments and international agencies on how to address the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">While social media have contributed to spread awareness about the lives of people affected by the conflict, they unfortunately do not contribute to finding sustainable solutions to address the violence and reduce the suffering of affected populations. They may even further the suffering and the continuum of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">What will happen if the military intervention does not succeed? What will happen if there is another massacre and mass kidnapping? There is concern among people in countries affected by the LRA that the lives of innocent children, women and men will continue to be jeopardized by LRA retaliations if there is not a proper plan for civilian protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">While to most military response seems the only real option, it has failed to achieve any success in defeating the LRA over the past 25 years and is likely to fail again if its leaders do not learn from the past. These lessons include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"is-core-list-block\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><li>The LRA is using guerrilla warfare tactics; they avoid confrontation and live in proximity with populations from whom they extract resources (food, equipment, labour force, combatants). LRA factions are mainly composed of forcibly recruited child soldiers, and include twice as many civilians (women, young children) as combatants, living side-by-side. A military offensive attacking LRA groups cannot discriminate between combatants and non-combatants and therefore can only result in loss of lives of innocent victims.<\/li><li>The LRA is known to retaliate against soft targets when under-pressure. The massacres, which followed the Uganda led joint military intervention &ldquo;Operation Lightening Thunder&rdquo; in 2008-2009, are a reminder of this. Protecting civilians against attacks, abductions, killings, and looting needs to be the primary goal of any military presence.<\/li><li>The armies in the region have poor human rights records and are feared by the people. The current military intervention relying on the deployment of national armies can only lead to further violence if no mechanisms are in place to include protection measures. To whom are regional forces answerable to for any wrongdoing?<\/li><li>Western intervention is often perceived as the magic bullet but cannot resolve the conflict. The US army was part of the planning of &ldquo;Operation Lightening Thunder&rdquo;, which resulted in violent reprisals from the LRA. An efficient army and State presence are needed in order to guarantee people&rsquo;s protection, border management and long-term stability in the region. Cognisant of the challenges posed by army reform in DRC and in the region, international presence should be focus on accompanying changes from within and involve community representatives in monitoring civilian protection.<\/li><li>The decisions made by western policy-makers affect hundreds of thousands of people in three different countries in areas neglected by their own government. Who are these policy makers accountable to? Facebook users? Western citizens? The governments of the countries affected? Or the very people who are victim of the violence? Unfortunately, the latter live in areas abandoned by their governments; they do not have access to the Internet, social medias or newspapers and are voiceless in decisions, which primarily affect them. Grass roots organisations such as religious institutions, local leaders, civil society organisations should be involved in design, implementation and monitoring of humanitarian, development and political strategies which affect the population.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">WHAT CAN BE DONE IF MILITARY INTERVENTION IS NOT A SOLUTION?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">There is no quick solution to any conflict, unfortunately. Well-designed videos and slick communication campaigns cannot replace locally owned and sustainable solutions. The coherence of any strategy to address the LRA issue needs to incorporate not only the security dimension but also the political, development and humanitarian, and protection challenges. It is not only about what needs to be done but how to do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"is-core-list-block\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><li>Put political pressure on the governments affected by the conflict, not only on Western governments. The LRA affected areas are located far away from the capital of DR Congo, CAR and South Sudan. These governments have other priorities and do not take appropriate measures to address the issue. Any intervention driven by outside actors will not make headway if not inclusive of national and local authorities.<\/li><li>The voice of the people affected by conflict, particularly women, matters and should be listened to and included in the design, implementation and monitoring of any strategy. Western countries have democratically elected governments, why not respecting these fundamentals overseas? Local organisations, committees and religious platforms do exist: Engage with them.<\/li><li>Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programmes are one of the few success stories in reducing the military capacity of the militia and rehabilitation of its victims. The UN and other organisations from civil society have been instrumental in driving these projects. During military operations, the LRA tightens its security therefore making it risky for anyone to escape. Military operations may threaten the efficiency of DDR initiatives by giving middle rang commander no hope apart from fighting to the end. However, military presence and safe reception facilities, not military operations, are likely to encourage defection and reinsertion of abductees.<\/li><li>Talking is not a crime. Between 2006 and 2008, peace talks took place in Juba but failed to stop the violence. Does this mean peace talks are doomed to fail? The military option also failed but is still dominating the agenda. Peace talks are never a one-off discussion; they take place over years, go through different phases but eventually, ending a conflict through talks is more sustainable and prevent the loss of innocent lives.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">CONCLUSION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">The recent launch of a 5000 strong African Union-authorised mission to hunt down Kony, and the sensational Kony2012 campaign has brought unexpected attention to the LRA conflict. Beyond the urgent need to do something, the question is HOW and WHO IS RESPONSIBLE for the consequences of an intervention?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">In this article we argue that there is a need for a more comprehensive, coherent and coordinated intervention to end the LRA. Any intervention must be inclusive of protection measures, built on the work done by local actors and learn lessons from the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">The military approach used in the past 25 years has provoked suffering and displacement on a massive scale. Over 400,000 people over three countries have been displaced since the launch of <em>operation lightening thunder<\/em> in December 2008. The primary function of a military presence in the region should be to protect civilians from abductions, looting, human rights abuses and any strategy needs to incorporate tools to monitor progress and engage with the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Doors should be left open for possible dialogue with the LRA to assess the level of disengagement of mid-level commanders, increase the impact of DDR programme, encourage the safe return of abductees into their communities and pave the way to addressing the long term impact of the violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">**************************************************************************<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\"><em>Nicolas Tillon<\/em><em> travaille pour <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/\"><em>Conciliation Resources<\/em><\/a><em>, une organisation de consolidation de la paix travaillant avec les personnes victimes de conflits arm&eacute;es. CR travaille dans la zone affect&eacute;e pas la LRA depuis 15 ans.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\"><em>Ernest Sugule Kangoyangala<\/em><em> est le Coordonnateur National de la SAIPED, une organisation de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile bas&eacute;e &agrave; Dungu, R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo. Il est le point focal de la <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/featured-work\/creating-regional-civil-society-task-force\"><em>Regional Civil Society Task Force<\/em><\/a><em> (CSTF), une plate-forme des organisations de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile travaillant dans les pays affect&eacute;es par la LRA. Ils produisent un bulletin trimestriel: &laquo;&nbsp;. <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/sites\/www.c-r.org\/files\/VoiceofPeace_201202_Francais.pdf\"><em>Voix de la paix<\/em><\/a><em>&laquo;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">L&rsquo; Arm&eacute;e de Resistance du Seigneur (LRA en Anglais) et son chef Joseph Kony sont r&eacute;cemment devenus un symbole de mobilisation de masse et de bonne volont&eacute;. La campagne Kony2012 a sensibilis&eacute; un public large sur la probl&eacute;matique de la LRA, d&rsquo;une mani&egrave;re sans pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent. Derri&egrave;re son ton cr&eacute;atif, mais superficiel, la vid&eacute;o a offert une plate-forme d&rsquo;expression aux militants de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile et universitaires, de la r&eacute;gion et d&rsquo;ailleurs qui ont r&eacute;agi &agrave; la vid&eacute;o et donn&eacute; un aper&ccedil;u plus profond d&rsquo;une situation qui a &eacute;t&eacute; largement ignor&eacute;e au cours des 25 derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">La campagne de sensibilisation et, plus particuli&egrave;rement la r&eacute;cente d&eacute;cision de l&rsquo;Union Africaine et des Nations Unies de lancer une strat&eacute;gie (militaire) r&eacute;gionale pose des d&eacute;fis aux perspectives de paix et &agrave; la protection des civils dans la r&eacute;gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Dans cet article, nous soutenons que toute strat&eacute;gie visant &agrave; mettre fin au conflit avec la LRA doit se concentrer sur la protection des civils, s&rsquo;appuyer sur le travail accompli par les acteurs de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile dans la r&eacute;gion et retienne les le&ccedil;ons du pass&eacute;, particuli&egrave;rement les succ&egrave;s des programmes de Demobilisation D&eacute;sarmement et R&eacute;insertion (DDR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">LES LECONS DU PASSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">La LRA est active dans le nord de l&rsquo;Ouganda (jusqu&rsquo;en 2005) et plus r&eacute;cemment en Afrique centrale (Sud Soudan, R&eacute;publique Centrafricaine, RD Congo) depuis 25 ans. Au cours de cette p&eacute;riode, les leaders communautaires, les institutions religieuses et les organisations locales de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile ont essay&eacute; de pr&eacute;venir la violence, soutenir les victimes, et conseiller les gouvernements et les organismes internationaux sur la mani&egrave;re de r&eacute;soudre ce confit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Bien que les &laquo;&nbsp;m&eacute;dias sociaux&nbsp;&raquo; aient contribu&eacute; &agrave; sensibiliser le public sur le quotidien des personnes vivant ce conflit, ils n&rsquo;ont malheureusement pas contribu&eacute; &agrave; trouver des solutions durables pour lutter contre la violence et r&eacute;duire la souffrance des populations affect&eacute;es. Il se pourrait m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;ils contribuent &agrave; augmenter la souffrance des populations et les dynamiques de violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Que se passera t&rsquo;il si l&rsquo;intervention militaire ne r&eacute;ussit pas? Que se passera t&rsquo;il s&rsquo;il y a un autre massacre et des enl&egrave;vements en masse? Qui sera responsable&nbsp;? Les personnes qui vivent dans les pays touch&eacute;s par la LRA craignent une augmentation de la violence et des repr&eacute;sailles de la LRA si un plan de contingence appropri&eacute; pour la protection des civils n&rsquo;est pas mis en place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Alors que pour la plupart, une r&eacute;ponse militaire semble &ecirc;tre la seule v&eacute;ritable option, cette strat&eacute;gie n&rsquo;a pas permis de r&eacute;duire la capacit&eacute; de la LRA ni de r&eacute;duire la violence subite par les populations au cours des 25 derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es et est susceptible d&rsquo;&eacute;chouer &agrave; nouveau si les dirigeants des Nations Unies, de l&rsquo;Union Africaine et des pays de la r&eacute;gion ne tirent pas les le&ccedil;ons du pass&eacute;. Dont voici les principaux&nbsp;points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"is-core-list-block\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><li>La LRA utilise des tactiques de gu&eacute;rilla, ils &eacute;vitent la confrontation directe et vivent en proximit&eacute; des populations dont ils extraient des ressources (nourriture, &eacute;quipement, main-d&rsquo;&oelig;uvre, combattants). Les factions de la LRA sont principalement compos&eacute;es d&rsquo;enfants soldats recrut&eacute;s de force, et comprennent deux fois plus des civils (femmes, jeunes enfants) que de combattants, vivant c&ocirc;te &agrave; c&ocirc;te. Une offensive militaire ciblant la LRA ne peut pas distinguer entre combattants et non combattants, et ne peut qu&rsquo;entra&icirc;ner la mort de victimes innocentes.<\/li><li>La LRA est connue pour exercer des repr&eacute;sailles contre des cibles faciles lorsqu&rsquo;elle est sous-pression. Les massacres qui ont suivi l&rsquo;intervention militaire conjointe &laquo;&nbsp;Op&eacute;ration Coup de tonnerre&raquo; en 2008-2009, sont un rappel de ce ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne. Prot&eacute;ger les civils contre les attaques, les enl&egrave;vements, les meurtres, et les pillages et doit &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;objectif principal de toute pr&eacute;sence militaire.<\/li><li>Les arm&eacute;es de la r&eacute;gion sont impliqu&eacute;es dans des abus des droits de l&rsquo;homme et sont craintes par la population des zones affect&eacute;es par la LRA. L&rsquo;intervention militaire conjointe s&rsquo;appuyant sur le d&eacute;ploiement des arm&eacute;es nationales ne peut que conduire &agrave; de nouvelles violences si aucun m&eacute;canisme n&rsquo;est mis en place pour y inclure des mesures de protection. &Agrave; qui r&eacute;pondent les forces r&eacute;gionales pour leurs actes r&eacute;pr&eacute;hensibles?<\/li><li>Une intervention occidentale est souvent per&ccedil;ue comme la solution miracle, mais ne peut pas r&eacute;soudre le conflit. L&rsquo;arm&eacute;e am&eacute;ricaine a fait partie de la planification de &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;Op&eacute;ration Coup de tonnerre&raquo; qui a abouti &agrave; de violentes repr&eacute;sailles de la LRA. Une arm&eacute;e efficace et une pr&eacute;sence de l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat sont n&eacute;cessaires afin de garantir la protection des populations, le control des fronti&egrave;res et la stabilit&eacute; de la r&eacute;gion. Conscients des d&eacute;fis pos&eacute;s par une r&eacute;forme de l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e en RDC et dans la r&eacute;gion, la pr&eacute;sence internationale doit focaliser sur l&rsquo;accompagnement de changements de l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur et impliquer les repr&eacute;sentants des communaut&eacute;s affect&eacute;es pour &eacute;valuer l&rsquo;impact de la strat&eacute;gie et le niveau de protection des civils.<\/li><li>Les d&eacute;cisions prises par les d&eacute;cideurs politiques occidentaux touchent des centaines de milliers de personnes dans trois pays diff&eacute;rents, dans des zones n&eacute;glig&eacute;es par leur propre gouvernement. Aupr&egrave;s de qui r&eacute;pondent ces preneurs de d&eacute;cisions? Les usagers de Facebook? Les citoyens occidentaux? Les gouvernements des pays touch&eacute;s? Ou aupr&egrave;s de ceux qui sont victimes de la violence? Malheureusement, ces derniers vivent dans des zones abandonn&eacute;es par leurs gouvernements, ils n&rsquo;ont pas acc&egrave;s &agrave; l&rsquo;internet, aux m&eacute;dias sociaux ou aux journaux et ne sont pas consult&eacute;s pour des d&eacute;cisions qui les touchent principalement. Les organisations locales, telles que les institutions religieuses, les leaders locaux, les organisations de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile doivent &ecirc;tre impliqu&eacute;es dans la conception, la mise en &oelig;uvre et le suivi de l&rsquo;aide humanitaire, de d&eacute;veloppement et des strat&eacute;gies politiques qui touchent la population.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">QUELS SONT LES OPTIONS SI UNE INTERVENTION MILITAIRE N&rsquo;EST PAS LA SOLUTION?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Malheureusement il n&rsquo;y a jamais de solution facile &agrave; un conflit. Un clip vid&eacute;o sensationnaliste et un message attractif ne peuvent pas remplacer des solutions adressant les dimensions multiples du probl&egrave;me et impliquant les acteurs locaux. La coh&eacute;rence de toute strat&eacute;gie visant &agrave; aborder la question de la LRA doit int&eacute;grer non seulement la dimension s&eacute;curitaire mais politique, les probl&eacute;matiques de d&eacute;veloppement et d&rsquo;aide humanitaire, et les d&eacute;fis de protection. La question n&rsquo;est pas tant sur ce qui doit &ecirc;tre fait, mais comment le faire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"is-core-list-block\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\"><li>Exercer une pression politique sur les gouvernements des pays touch&eacute;s par le conflit, pas seulement sur les gouvernements occidentaux. Les zones touch&eacute;es par le conflit avec la LRA sont localis&eacute;es loin de leurs capitales respectives (Kinshasa, Bangui, Juba). Les gouvernements concern&eacute;s ont d&rsquo;autres priorit&eacute;s et ne prennent pas les mesures appropri&eacute;es pour r&eacute;soudre le probl&egrave;me. Toute intervention coordonn&eacute;e par des acteurs ext&eacute;rieurs ne sera pas durable et adapt&eacute;e si elle n&rsquo;implique pas les autorit&eacute;s nationales et locales.<\/li><li>L&rsquo;opinion des populations touch&eacute;es par le conflit, en particulier les femmes doit &ecirc;tre &eacute;cout&eacute;e et leurs pr&eacute;occupations int&eacute;gr&eacute;es dans la conception, la mise en &oelig;uvre et le suivi de toute strat&eacute;gie. Les pays occidentaux ont des gouvernements d&eacute;mocratiquement &eacute;lus, pourquoi ne pas respecter ces principes fondamentaux &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger? Les organisations locales, les comit&eacute;s et plates-formes religieuses existent: Engagez avec eux.<\/li><li>Les programmes de DDR sont l&rsquo;une des rares r&eacute;ussites qui ont permis de r&eacute;duire la capacit&eacute; militaire de la milice et de r&eacute;habiliter ses victimes. L&rsquo;Organisations des Nations Unies et les acteurs de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile ont jou&eacute; un r&ocirc;le important dans la conduite de ces projets. Au cours d&rsquo;op&eacute;rations militaires, la LRA resserre sa s&eacute;curit&eacute; rendant donc risqu&eacute; pour quiconque de s&rsquo;&eacute;chapper. Les op&eacute;rations militaires peuvent menacer l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; des initiatives de DDR en ne donnant aux combattants aucune alternatives autre que la lutte jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; la fin. Toutefois, une pr&eacute;sence militaire pr&eacute;ventive pour assurer la s&eacute;curit&eacute; de la population ainsi que des installations de r&eacute;ception des victimes et anciens combattants sont susceptibles d&rsquo;encourager la d&eacute;fection et la r&eacute;insertion des personnes enlev&eacute;es.<\/li><li>Parler n&rsquo;est pas un crime. Entre 2006 et 2008, des pourparlers de paix ont eu lieu &agrave; Juba, mais n&rsquo;ont pas r&eacute;ussi &agrave; faire cesser la violence. Est-ce que cela signifie que les pourparlers de paix sont vou&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chec? L&rsquo;option militaire a &eacute;galement &eacute;chou&eacute;, mais continue de dominer l&rsquo;ordre du jour. Les pourparlers de paix ne sont jamais une discussion ponctuelle; elles ont lieu sur plusieurs ann&eacute;es, passent par diff&eacute;rentes phases, mais finalement, r&eacute;soudre un conflit par la n&eacute;gociation est plus durable et &eacute;vite les pertes en vie humaine.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">CONCLUSION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">La r&eacute;cente d&eacute;claration du d&eacute;ploiement de 5000 soldats de la r&eacute;gion par l&rsquo;Union africaine et les Nations unies avec pour mission de traquer Kony, et la campagne sensationnelle Kony2012 a attir&eacute; une attention inattendue au conflit avec la LRA. Au-del&agrave; de la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; urgente d&nbsp;&lsquo;intervenir, la question est COMMENT et QUI est responsable des CONSEQUENCES d&rsquo;une intervention?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Dans cet article, nous soutenons qu&rsquo;il y a n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de d&eacute;velopper une intervention plus globale, coh&eacute;rente et coordonn&eacute;e pour mettre fin &agrave; la LRA. Toute intervention doit &ecirc;tre inclusive de mesures de protection des civils, construites sur le travail accompli par les acteurs locaux et retenir les le&ccedil;ons du pass&eacute;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">L&rsquo;approche militaire utilis&eacute;e dans les 25 derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es a provoqu&eacute; des souffrances et des d&eacute;placements sur une grande &eacute;chelle. Plus de 400.000 personnes dans plus de trois pays ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;plac&eacute;es depuis le lancement de l&rsquo;op&eacute;ration Lightning Thunder en D&eacute;cembre 2008. La fonction principale d&rsquo;une pr&eacute;sence militaire dans la r&eacute;gion devrait &ecirc;tre la protection des civils contre les enl&egrave;vements, pillages, atteintes aux droits humains&nbsp;; toute strat&eacute;gie doit int&eacute;grer des outils pour mesurer les progr&egrave;s r&eacute;alis&eacute;s et engager avec la population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Les portes doivent &ecirc;tre laiss&eacute;es ouvertes pour un dialogue possible avec la LRA pour &eacute;valuer le niveau de d&eacute;sengagement des officiers interm&eacute;diaires, accro&icirc;tre l&rsquo;impact des programmes de DDR, encourager le retour en toute s&eacute;curit&eacute; des personnes enlev&eacute;es et ainsi ouvrir la voie pour adresser l&rsquo;impact &agrave; long terme de la violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px\" class=\"is-core-paragraph-block has-space-small-mb\">Posted by Jason Stearns at <a href=\"http:\/\/congosiasa.blogspot.com.es\/2012\/04\/guest-blog-beyond-kony2012_14.html\">12:27 AM<\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nicolas Tillon works with Conciliation Resources, a peacebuilding organisation working with people affected by violent conflict. Ernest Sugule Kangoyangala is the director of SAIPED, a civil society organization based in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.congoresearchgroup.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}